| Certification | Vendor | Focus | Updated For | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | | EC-Council | Ethical Hacking fundamentals | AI, Cloud, IoT | | OSCP (2025) | Offensive Security | Hands-on pentesting (24h exam) | AD attacks, modern privilege escalations | | PNPT | TCM Security | Real-world pentesting & reporting | OSINT, external/internal scanning | | CompTIA Pentest+ | CompTIA | Management & technical mix | Automation & analysis |
IV. Evaluación y proyecto final