[ \dotm_air = \frac\eta_v \cdot V_d \cdot MAPR \cdot IAT ] where ηv = volumetric efficiency (interpolated from 3D table).
The ECU reads irregular data from the engine's camshaft or crankshaft position sensors. ecu 63610
(Article word count: ~2,100. For SEO: internal links to guides on ME7.5 tuning, immobilizer delete, and VCDS basic settings should be added.) [ \dotm_air = \frac\eta_v \cdot V_d \cdot MAPR