Fm 31 28 Fouo Special Forces Advanced Urban Combat 1 December 1999 25

The "For Official Use Only" marking is standard for documents that, while unclassified, contain sensitive operational details. In 1999, releasing detailed diagrams of how a U.S. Special Forces team clears a multi-story building or how they set up a covert urban hide site could compromise ongoing operations. Today, while the document is widely circulated in veteran and collector communities, the TTPs (Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures) within it must be viewed through a historical lens.

: The importance of minimizing civilian casualties and collateral damage, including interaction with local authorities and populations. The "For Official Use Only" marking is standard

Surprisingly, FM 31-28 contained a section on commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) radio-controlled aircraft being weaponized by enemy forces. This was prophetic for 2020s drone warfare. Recommendation 25 in that chapter: use a 25-foot length of monofilament fishing line suspended between two buildings to entangle low-flying drones. Today, while the document is widely circulated in

It is specifically intended to protect technical and operational information from public or international dissemination. Current Status: This was prophetic for 2020s drone warfare