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Dr. Vance—

: Ethological knowledge—understanding species-typical behavior—allows clinicians to distinguish between fear-based responses and genuine physical distress, ensuring more accurate treatments. The Physiological Cost of Stress zooskool horse ultimate animal

The intersection of behavior and science is most visible in the study of stress. When an animal experiences fear or anxiety—common in a clinical environment—the biological fallout is measurable and damaging. zooskool horse ultimate animal