: A concise guide for SQL*Plus command syntax and formatting query results.
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Introduced in 19.7, these allow developers to factor out common SQL expressions into reusable, parameterized constructs. Unlike traditional views or functions, these macros are expanded directly in the SQL statement, which can improve performance and code readability. : A concise guide for SQL*Plus command syntax
For organizations upgrading from Oracle 12.1 or earlier, it is essential to note that some legacy features have been deprecated. For instance, the older OUTER JOIN syntax ( (+) ) still works but is discouraged in favor of ANSI SQL joins. Furthermore, any custom code relying on the deprecated LONG or LONG RAW data types should be refactored to use CLOB or BLOB before migration. Oracle provides the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool (preupgrade.jar) to identify such incompatibilities, and most SQL workloads from 12.2 or 18c will execute unchanged on 19c. Unlike traditional views or functions, these macros are