They will not give you the name of the original retail buyer (privacy laws), but they will confirm if the gun matches their factory records.
Rifles with serial numbers below 800,000 (Springfield) or 285,507 (Rock Island) are considered "low-number" receivers and may have heat-treatment concerns. serial number lookup springfield armory
Springfield Armory, Inc. does maintain a public stolen gun registry. They will not give you the name of