Business spending on machinery, equipment, and buildings.
The pandemic revealed a brutal truth: if you don't make your own machinery, you don't control your own destiny. Nations with a large GDP E249 contribution can repair, replace, and retool their factories without waiting for foreign licensing. Germany, Japan, South Korea, and increasingly the United States (via reshoring) monitor E249 data to assess their strategic autonomy. A rising E249 GDP share is the sound of a nation de-risking its supply chain. gdp e249