Many free PDFs circulating on Telegram or small websites are outdated (pre-2010), OCR-scanned poorly, or contain incorrect translations (e.g., “bail” translated literally as “जमानत” without procedural nuance).
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In 2023-2024, India witnessed a seismic shift. The Indian Penal Code (1860) was replaced by the . The Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) was replaced by the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) .