If the goal is simply to escape Apple’s software restrictions without the instability of patched macOS, the 2012 MacBook Pro excels as a Linux machine. Distributions like Ubuntu, Linux Mint, or Fedora run natively with full hardware support, including the NVIDIA GPU via proprietary drivers. Linux offers a true "jailbreak" in the sense of total user freedom—no SIP, no notarization requirements, and no forced updates. This is often the smarter, more stable path for the 2012 hardware.
: While it seems counterintuitive, installing a newer OS on an upgraded 2012 MBP (with an SSD and 16GB of RAM) often feels snappier due to better memory management in modern macOS versions.
: It "tricks" the macOS installer into thinking the 2012 hardware is actually a much newer model (like a 2018 or 2019 MacBook Pro).
Apple wants you to buy a new Mac. But with the right software "surgery," your 2012 MacBook Pro can run macOS Ventura, Sonoma, or even Sequoia—operating systems Apple says are impossible for your hardware.